Let us consider the explicit finite-difference scheme for the full wave equation
(8) |
(9) |
Let us consider the wavefield on the boundary z=Zmax. There are only outgoing waves at z=Zmax, so the wavefield satisfies the downgoing wave equation, for which we can write its approximate equations:
(10) | ||
(11) |
For compatibility with the explicit finite-difference scheme at internal points, we apply the explicit finite-difference scheme for the boundaries using equation (10) and (11) and get
(12) | ||
(13) |
Assuming that the wavefield px,zk for is known, then we solve the internal equation (9) to get the wavefield for the internal points Xmin<x<Xmax, Zmin<z<Zmax at time t+1, px,zt+1 first. Then, the auxiliary wavefield can be solved by equation (13) since the wavefield of the boundary at time t, ptx,Z<<275>>max and ptx,Z<<276>>max-1 are known. Finally, we solve equation (12) to get the wavefield at the boundary ptx,z=Z<<278>>max. Figure 1 illustrates how the boundary conditions are solved.
boundary
Figure 1 solution at the boundary z=Zmax |
The method of solving the wavefield at the other three boundaries z=Zmin, x=Xmin, and x=Xmax, is similar to that of boundary z=Zmax. The only difference is that the boundary condition equation is an upgoing wave equation at z=Zmin, leftgoing wave equation at x=Xmin, and right-going wave equation at x=Xmax.
According to Zhang and Wei (1998), this absorbing boundary condition is stable.