CONCLUSION

Though the wave equation is a unitary operator, many operators based on it are not unitary because many approximations are made to be implemented numerically in finite and discrete space. The nonunitary property of the operators produce many artifacts in the solution space when the property is applied to data that were produced by a continuous unitary operator, such as real seismic data. This paper presents a method of reducing these artifacts in migration, datuming, and interpolation by using the technique of least-squares optimization.