# p?lahrd

Reduces the first nb columns of a general rectangular matrix A so that elements below the k-th subdiagonal are zero, by an orthogonal/unitary transformation, and returns auxiliary matrices that are needed to apply the transformation to the unreduced part of A.

## Syntax

call pslahrd(n, k, nb, a, ia, ja, desca, tau, t, y, iy, jy, descy, work)

call pdlahrd(n, k, nb, a, ia, ja, desca, tau, t, y, iy, jy, descy, work)

call pclahrd(n, k, nb, a, ia, ja, desca, tau, t, y, iy, jy, descy, work)

call pzlahrd(n, k, nb, a, ia, ja, desca, tau, t, y, iy, jy, descy, work)

## Description

The routines reduces the first nb columns of a real general n-by-(n-k+1) distributed matrix `A(ia:ia+n-1 , ja:ja+n-k)` so that elements below the k-th subdiagonal are zero. The reduction is performed by an orthogonal/unitary similarity transformation Q'*A*Q. The routine returns the matrices V and T which determine Q as a block reflector `I-V*T*V'`, and also the matrix `Y = A*V*T`.

This is an auxiliary routine called by p?gehrd. In the following comments sub(A) denotes `A(ia:ia+n-1`, `ja:ja+n-1)`.

## Input Parameters

n

  (global) INTEGER.

  The order of the distributed submatrix sub(A). `n ≥ 0`.

k

  (global) INTEGER.

  The offset for the reduction. Elements below the k-th subdiagonal in the first nb columns are reduced to zero.

nb

  (global) INTEGER.

  The number of columns to be reduced.

a

  (local).

  REAL for pslahrd

  DOUBLE PRECISION for pdlahrd

  COMPLEX for pclahrd

  COMPLEX*16 for pzlahrd.

  Pointer into the local memory to an array of DIMENSION (lld_a, LOCc(ja+n-k)). On entry, this array contains the local pieces of the n-by-(n-k+1) general distributed matrix `A(ia:ia+n-1`, ja:ja+n-k).

ia, ja

  (global) INTEGER. The row and column indices in the global array A indicating the first row and the first column of the submatrix sub(A), respectively.

desca

  (global and local) INTEGER array, DIMENSION (dlen_). The array descriptor for the distributed matrix A.

iy, jy

  (global) INTEGER. The row and column indices in the global array Y indicating the first row and the first column of the submatrix sub(Y), respectively.

descy

  (global and local) INTEGER array, DIMENSION (dlen_). The array descriptor for the distributed matrix Y.

work

  (local).

  REAL for pslahrd

  DOUBLE PRECISION for pdlahrd

  COMPLEX for pclahrd

  COMPLEX*16 for pzlahrd.

  Array, DIMENSION (nb).

## Output Parameters

a

  (local).

  On exit, the elements on and above the k-th subdiagonal in the first nb columns are overwritten with the corresponding elements of the reduced distributed matrix;the elements below the k-th subdiagonal, with the array tau, represent the matrix Q as a product of elementary reflectors. The other columns of `A(ia:ia+n-1`, ja:ja+n-k) are unchanged. (See Application Notes below.)

tau

  (local)

  REAL for pslahrd

  DOUBLE PRECISION for pdlahrd

  COMPLEX for pclahrd

  COMPLEX*16 for pzlahrd.

  Array, DIMENSION LOCc(ja+n-2). The scalar factors of the elementary reflectors (see Application Notes below). tau is tied to the distributed matrix A.

t

  (local)REAL for pslahrd

  DOUBLE PRECISION for pdlahrd

  COMPLEX for pclahrd

  COMPLEX*16 for pzlahrd.

  Array, DIMENSION (nb_a, nb_a) The upper triangular matrix T.

y

  (local).

  REAL for pslahrd

  DOUBLE PRECISION for pdlahrd

  COMPLEX for pclahrd

  COMPLEX*16 for pzlahrd.

  Pointer into the local memory to an array of DIMENSION (lld_y, nb_a). On exit, this array contains the local pieces of the n-by-nb distributed matrix Y. lld_y ≥ LOCr(ia+n-1).

## Application Notes

The matrix Q is represented as a product of nb elementary reflectors

`Q = H(1)*H(2)*...*H(nb)`.

Each `H(i)` has the form

`H(i) = i-tau*v*v'`,

where tau is a real/complex scalar, and v is a real/complex vector with v(1: i+k-1)= 0, v(i+k)= 1; v(i+k+1:n) is stored on exit in A(ia+i+k:ia+n-1, ja+i-1), and tau in TAU(ja+i-1).

The elements of the vectors v together form the (n-k+1)-by-nb matrix V which is needed, with T and Y, to apply the transformation to the unreduced part of the matrix, using an update of the form: `A(ia:ia+n-1`, ja:ja+n-k) := (I-V*T*V')*(A(ia:ia+n-1, ja:ja+n-k)-Y*V'). The contents of `A(ia:ia+n-1`, ja:ja+n-k) on exit are illustrated by the following example with `n = 7`, `k = 3`, and `nb = 2`:

where a denotes an element of the original matrix `A(ia:ia+n-1`, ja:ja+n-k), h denotes a modified element of the upper Hessenberg matrix H, and vi denotes an element of the vector defining `H(i)`.

Parent topic: Auxiliary Routines