Limitations of the method

It is important to keep in mind that the hybrid adaptive subtraction is not a pattern-based method. Noise and signal are not separated because of their spatial predictability. The pef 332#332 intends to unbias the filter 313#313 estimation.

In the following example, I show that when the signal/noise ratio is low, the hybrid subtraction is equivalent to the standard approach. In short if the signal level is well below the noise level, then the hybrid adaptive subtraction is equivalent to the standard approach.

To illustrate this last point I extracted one shot gather (Figure a) from a Gulf of Mexico 2-D line and estimated the corresponding multiple model (Figure b) with the Delft approach (). The first surface-related multiples appears at 3.5 seconds within an area where the signal is very weak. Consequently, Figures c and d which have been processed with the standard and hybrid approach respectively, are identical.

We can recognize in Figure some well-known weaknesses of the adaptive subtraction approach at far offset where the multiples are not well attenuated. () obtain better results with a pattern-based approach.

 

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Figure 9 (a) A shot gather from a Gulf of Mexico 2-D line. (b) The corresponding multiple model. (c) Estimated primaries with the standard approach. (d) Estimated primaries with the hybrid approach. Both estimated signal are similar.