 | SEP Stanford Exploration Project | GP Department of Geophysics | SES School of Earth Sciences | Stanford Stanford University |
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Spring 2016 GP280 - 3-D Seismic Imaging
Course Facts
| Lectures: | MWF 1:30-2:20 PM, Mitchell 452 | |
| Instructor: | Biondo Biondi | |
| Teaching Assistant: | Huy Le | |
| TA Office Hours: | TBD, Mitchell 465. Send email to huyle@stanford.edu | |
| 3 units with labs, 2 units without; letter grade. | ||
| 6 computer-based homework assignments | ||
| Schedule: | Schedule (PDF format) sched.pdf | |
| On the right: | Stack (after migration) of a 3-D data volume acquired over a salt body. | |
Bulletin description
Principles of imaging complex structures in the Earth subsurface by use of 3-D reflection seismology. The emphasis is on processing methodologies and algorithms, with examples of applications to field data. Topics include: acquisition geometries of land and marine 3-D seismic surveys, time vs. depth imaging, prestack Kirchhoff migration, dip moveout, zero-offset and prestack downward continuation, full separation and splitting, migration velocity analysis, velocity model building, imaging irregularly sampled and aliased data. Computational labs involve some programming.
Labs
You will be given 6 hands-on homework assignments throughout the quarter. Although you are not expected to be an expert programmer, most of the labs require modification of Fortran90 code. If you run into trouble, refer to this list of Fortran90 tutorial, or ask the TA.
Lectures
| Date | Topic | Notes |
| 4/1 | Introduction | Introduction |
| 4/3 | 3D Geometries | chapter1.pdf |
| 4/5 | Sep3D software | (Appendix 1) |
| 4/8 | Kirchhoff prestack migration | (Chapter 2) |
| 4/10 | Kirchhoff prestack migration (isotropy vs anisotropy) | class handout |
| 4/12 | NMO+DMO+AMO and prestack partial migration | (Chapter 3) |
| 4/15 | Wavefield-continuation migration | (Chapter 4) |
| 4/17 | Numerical methods for wavefield-continuation - two way wave equation | Notes |
| 4/19 | Numerical methods for downward continuation - one way wave equation | (Chapter 5) |
| 4/22 | Numerical methods for downward continuation (isotropic and anisotropic) | (Chapter 5 + Notes) |
| 4/24 | Wavefield-continuation migration as adjoint of wavefield modeling | (Notes) |
| 4/26 | Common image gathers in offsets and angles | (Chapter 6) |
| 4/29 | Gaussian Beam migration | see Chapter6.pdf |
| 5/1 | Plane-wave and phase encoding migration | (Chapter 7) |
| 5/3 | Plane-wave and phase encoding migration | (Chapter 7) |
| 5/6 | 3D marine wave-equation migration methods | (Chapter 7) |
| 5/8 | Imaging and aliasing | (Chapter 8) |
| 5/10 | Imaging and irregular geometries | (Chapter 9) |
| 5/13 | Imaging and irregular illumination + linearized Inversion) | Notes |
| 5/15 | Stacking velocity, Dix inversion, and traveltime tomography | (Chapter 10) |
| 5/17 | Inversion of stacking velocities (Chapter 10) and time migration velocity analysis | (Chapter 11) |
| 5/20 | Residual moveout analysis and residual migration | (Chapter 11) |
| 5/22 | Vertical and tomographic velocity updating | (Chapter 11) |
| 5/24 | Tomographic velocity updating | (Chapter 11) |
| 5/27 | Memorial Day, No class | |
| 5/29 | Wave equation migration velocity analysis | (Chapter 12) |
| 5/31 | Linearized inversion and least-squares reverse time migration | (Notes) |
| 6/3 | Principles of full-waveform inversion and its limitation | (notes) |
Additional notes
| lloydBB.pdf | Lloyd's algorithm to choose optimal reference velocities for wave-equation migration |
| Full-wave-2011.pdf | Solving the wave-equation using time domain finite-differences |
| adjstate.pdf | Migration as the adjoint of linearized modeling |
| WaveTomo-Combo.pdf | Full waveform inversion and wave-equation tomography |
