THE MOBIL AVO DATA AND ITS RESULT

The Mobil AVO dataset is a marine dataset collected from the North Sea. The dataset contains strong water-bottom multiples. Before AVO analysis, some processing procedures have been applied to the data to remove the multiple energy. All together, there are 952 CMP gathers with 25m sampling intervals. Each gather contains 60 traces, the offset sampling interval is 50m and the near offset is 288m. The trace length is 1000 samples (sampling rate = 4ms). There are two well logs available at CMP-809 and CMP-1571. In well CMP-809, the density, V_p, and V_s were recorded from 1km to 3.15km. On the basis of this well's information, Dong and Keys built up a 12-layer (some with vertical gradient) background velocity model for the inversion. Since our new approach can output common-image gathers (CIG), we initially use this model in our inversion and then check the accuracy of this layered model. As shown in , the events from the old velocity model bend upwards, which means the interval velocity in the old model is lower than the correct one. We then conducted a conventional velocity analysis. After converting the RMS velocity model into an interval velocity model, we applied the new velocity model to the dataset and produced the new common-image gather at the same CMP location. It is clear that the new velocity model is better for imaging and inversion (Figure ).

 

mobil-cig
Figure 10 Common-image gathers of the Mobil AVO dataset. (L) CIG from the old velocity model. (R) CIG from the new velocity model. Both are from the same midpoint location. The new model is significantly better than the old one. In the old CIG, because of the use of a low velocity model, not only can the image event not be flattened, it also has a depth shift from top to bottom.

 

mobil-stack
Figure 11 The stacked section of the inversion result. (Top) Reflection coefficient R. (Bottom) $R\cos{\theta}$. The diffraction energy has been well collapsed.

By stacking the common-offset inversion result, we got a R and $R^{\prime}$ section (Figure ). After obtaining the Kirchhoff inversion result, we estimated the cosine of the specular angle $\theta$. According to the elastic AVO approximation theory, we estimated of intercept A and slope B, as shown in Figure . Furthermore, we combined the intercept and slope sections and produced a fluid-line section, which shows the V_p/V_s anomaly (Figure ).

 

mobil-avo
Figure 12 AVO coefficient sections of the Mobil AVO dataset. (Top) Intercept A section. (Bottom) Slope B section. Similar to the stacked section, the diffraction energy has also been well collapsed in the A and B section. Generally, intercept A and slope B have opposite polarities. Slope B has a larger value than intercept A.

 

fluid-line
Figure 13 The fluid-line section of the Mobil AVO dataset. Many strong events in A & B section have been canceled. The strong event in the middle of the section shows the anomaly of V_p/V_s, which may be an indicator of hydrocarbon in that area.