Separating kinematics and dynamics

In some fields, notably those under steam-flood, reservoir changes have been shown to have large kinematic effects on the seismic response of the reservoir (). If the `bricks' (3D design windows) used to calculate the cross-correlations are small enough, the shift-functions may themselves contain high-frequency information that provides information about fluid changes. Warping, therefore, may provide a way to separate the dynamic and the kinematic effects of production.

Conversely, if the cross-correlation `bricks' are large enough, then the shift-functions will be smooth, and small localized changes due to fluid production will not influence the warp. This is the case in the data example presented here, since despiking and smoothing kept the shift-functions conservatively smooth. Despite this, warping led to a significant decrease in the overall amplitude of the difference section, and made direct comparisons between surveys simpler and more insightful.