Marmousi model

The Marmousi synthetic data set Bourgeois et al. (1991) was first released as a blind test for velocity estimation. It has become a popular testbed for migration algorithms. Its structural style is dominated by growth faults, which arise from salt creep and give rise to the complicated velocity structure in the upper part of the model (Figure ). We choose a target zone (indicated with the "target" box in Figure ) to see the effects of the faults on the Hessian.

 

Marm_vel
Figure 8 Marmousi velocity model.

Figures a and b show the Hessian matrix of the Marmousi model. Notice the banded nature of the matrix (Figure b), with most of the energy in the main diagonal (Figure a). There are changes of the energy in the diagonal, but not as strong as for the Sigsbee model case.

 

hmatrix_marm
Figure 9 Hessian matrix of the Marmousi model.

We fixed four points to see the lines of the Hessian corresponding to different geological features in the model. Figures and show the Hessian and the envelope of the Hessian, respectively. The envelope of the Hessian (Figure ) shows clearly the main features of interest.

 

hesian_phase_marm
Figure 10 Hessian of the Marmousi model,(a) Close-up of the Marmousi velocity model, (b) point 1, (c) point 2, (d) point 3, and (e) point 4.

Figure a shows a close-up of the velocity model in the area where the target-oriented Hessian was computed. Figure b shows point 1, with coordinates ${\bf x}=(550,5200)$. Since this point in the model is well illuminated, the resulting ellipse looks similar to the constant-velocity ellipses. Figure c shows point 2, with coordinates ${\bf x}=(550,6500)$. Notice that this point is close to a fault, producing a distortion to the ellipse shape. Figure d shows point 3, with coordinates ${\bf x}=(700,5200)$; as with point 1, the ellipse is not distorted. Finally, Figure e shows point 4, with coordinates ${\bf x}=(700,6500)$. This point is also close to the fault, but the velocity contrast across the fault is smaller, producing less distortion than in the point 3 case.

 

hesian_marm
Figure 11 Envelope of the Hessian of the Marmousi model,(a) Close-up of the Marmousi velocity model, (b) point 1, (c) point 2, (d) point 3, and (e) point 4.