Next: About this document ...
Up: Berryman et al.: Extracting
Previous: ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
-
Aki, K., and Richards, P. G., 1980, Quantitative Seismology: Theory and
Methods, Vols. I & II, W. H. Freeman and Company, New York.
-
Berge, P. A., Bonner, B. P., and Berryman, J. G., 1995, Ultrasonic
velocity-porosity relationships for sandstone analogs made from
fused glass beads: Geophysics 60, 108-119.
-
Berryman, J. G., 1981, Elastic wave propagation in fluid-saturated
porous media: J. Acoust.Soc.Am. 69, 416-424.
-
Berryman, J. G., 1999, Origin of Gassmann's
equations: Geophysics 64, 1627-1629.
-
Berryman, J. G., Grechka, V. Y., and Berge, P. A., 1999, Analysis of Thomsen
parameters for finely layered VTI media: Geophys.Prospect.
47, 959-978.
-
Berryman, J. G., Thigpen, L., and Chin, R. C. Y., 1988, Bulk elastic wave
propagation in partially saturated porous solids:
J. Acoust.Soc.Am. 84, 360-373.
-
Best, A. I., and McCann, C., 1995, Seismic attenuation and pore-fluid
viscosity in clay-rich reservoir sandstones: Geophysics
60, 1386-1397.
-
Biot, M. A., 1956a, Theory of propagation of elastic waves in a
fluid-saturated porous solid. I. Low-frequency range: J. Acoust. Soc.Am. 28, 168-178.
-
Biot, M. A., 1956b, Theory of propagation of elastic waves in a
fluid-saturated porous solid. II. Higher frequency range: J. Acoust. Soc.Am. 28, 179-1791.
-
Biot, M. A., 1962, Mechanics of deformation and acoustic propagation in
porous media: J. Appl.Phys. 33, 1482-1498.
-
Biot, M. A., and Willis, D. G., 1957, The elastic coefficients of the
theory of consolidation: J. Appl.Mech. 24, 594-601.
-
Bonner, B. P., Hart, D. J., Berge, P. A., and Aracne, C. M., 1997, Influence
of chemistry on physical properties: Ultrasonic velocities in mixtures
of sand and swelling clay (abstract): LLNL report UCRL-JC-128306abs,
Eos, Transactions of the American Geophysical Union 78, Fall
Meeting Supplement, F679.
-
Bourbié, T., Coussy, O., and Zinzner, B., 1987, Acoustics of Porous
Media, Gulf Publishing, Houston, Texas, pp.56.
-
Brown, R. J. S., and Korringa, J., 1975, On the dependence of the elastic
properties of a porous rock on the compressiblity of the pore fluid:
Geophysics 40, 608-616.
-
Cadoret, T., 1993, Effet de la saturation eau/gaz sur les propriétés
acoustiques des roches, Étude aux fréquences sonores et ultrasonores.
Ph.D. Dissertation, Université de Paris VII, Paris, France.
-
Cadoret, T., Marion, D., and Zinszner, B., 1995, Influence of frequency
and fluid distribution on elastic wave velocities in partially
saturated limestones: J. Geophys.Res. 100, 9789-9803.
-
Cadoret, T., Mavko, G., and Zinszner, B., 1998, Fluid distribution
effect on sonic attenuation in partially saturated limestones:
Geophysics 63, 154-160.
-
Castagna, J. P., and Backus, M. M., 1993, Offset-Dependent Reflectivity
- Theory and Practice of AVO Analysis, Society of Exploration
Geophysicists, Tulsa, OK.
-
Castagna, J. P., Batzle, M. L., and Eastwood, R. L., 1985, Relationship
between compressional-wave and shear-wave velocities in clastic silicate
rocks: Geophysics 50, 571-581.
-
Domenico, S. N., 1974, Effect of water saturation on seismic reflectivity
of sand reservoirs encased in shale: Geophysics 39,
759-769.
-
Dvorkin, J., and Nur, A., 1998, Acoustic signatures of patchy saturation:
Int. J. Solids Struct. 35, 4803-4810.
-
Endres, A. L., and Knight, R., 1989, The effect of microscopic fluid
distribution on elastic wave velocities: Log Anal.
30, 437-444.
-
Foster, D. J., Keys, R. G., and Schmitt, D. P., 1997, Detecting subsurface
hydrocarbons with elastic wavefields: Inverse Problems in
Wave Propagation, edtied by G. Chavent, G. Papanicolaou, P. Sacks,
and W. Symes, Springer, New York, pp.195-218.
-
Gassmann, F., 1951, Über die elastizität poröser medien:
Vierteljahrsschrift der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Zürich,
96, 1-23.
-
Harris, J. M., Nolen-Hoeksema, R. C., Langan, R. T., Van Schaack, M.,
Lazaratos, S. K., and Rector, J. W., III, 1995, High-resolution crosswell
imaging of a west Texas carbonate reservoir: Part 1-Project summary
and interpretation: Geophysics 60, 667-681.
-
Hashin, Z., and Shtrikman, S., 1962, A variational approach to the theory of
elastic behaviour of polycrystals: J. Mech.Phys.Solids 10,
343-352.
-
Hill, R., 1952, The elastic behaviour of crystalline aggregate: Proc. Phys.Soc.London A 65, 349-354.
-
Johnson, D. L., J. Koplik, and R. Dashen, Theory of dynamic
permeability and tortuosity in fluid-saturated porous-media:
J. Fluid Mech. 176, 379-402 (1987).
-
Knight, R., and Nolen-Hoeksema, R., 1990, A laboratory study of the
dependence of elastic wave velocities on pore scale fluid distribution:
Geophys. Res. Lett. 17, 1529-1532.
-
Mavko, G., and Nolen-Hoeksema, R., 1994, Estimating seismic velocities at
ultrasonic frequencies in partially saturated rocks: Geophysics
59, 252-258.
-
Mavko, G. M., and Nur, A., 1978, The effect of nonelliptical cracks on the
compressibility of rocks: Geophysics 83, 4459-4468.
-
McCann, C., and McCann, D. M., 1985, A theory of compressional wave
attenuation in noncohesive sediments: Geophysics 50,
1311-1317.
-
Murphy, William F., III, 1984, Acoustic measures of partial gas saturation
in tight sandstones: J. Geophys.Res. 89, 11549-11559.
-
Norris, A. N., 1993, Low-frequency dispersion and attenuation in partially
saturated rocks: J. Acoust.Soc.Am. 94, 359-370.
-
Nur, A., and Simmons, G., 1969, The effect of saturation on velocity in
low porosity rocks: Earth and Planet.Sci.Lett. 7,
183-193.
-
O'Connell, R. J., and Budiansky, B., 1977, Viscoelastic properties of
fluid-saturated cracked solids: J. Geophys.Res. 82,
5719-5736.
-
Ostrander, W. J., 1984, Plane-wave reflection coefficients for gas sands at
non-normal angles of incidence: Geophysics 49, 1637-1648.
[ht]2mssdvel_big,msszw_big,mssdpatchsy_big,mssdpatchxy_bigwidth=2.88in,height=2.4inVarious methods of plotting 560 Hz Massillon sandstone data
of Murphy (1984):
(a) Compressional and shear wave velocities as a function of saturation,
(b) transform to (, )-plane,
(c) versus saturation,
(d) transform to (, )-plane. All of these
behaviors are anticipated by the Gassmann-Domenico relations for
homogeneously mixed fluid in the pores.
[ht]2sandstoneszw_big,limestones500kzw_big,drywetall_big,wg10040010003000zw_bigwidth=2.88in,height=2.4in
Examples of the correlation of slopes with porosity in the
data-sorting plots:
(a) three Spirit River (S.R.) sandstone (Knight and Nolen-Hoeksema,
1990) and Massillon and Ft. Union sandstones (Murphy, 1984),
(b) five limestones (Cadoret et al., 1998),
(c) 11 fused glass-bead samples (Berge et al., 1995),
(d) Westerly granite (Nur and Simmons, 1969) at four pressures.
The observed trend is that
high porosity samples generally have lower slopes than lower
porosities on these plots, although there are a few exceptions as
discussed in the text. These trends are easily understood since the slopes
are determined approximately by the average value of vs2 for each
material, which is a decreasing function of porosity .
[ht]2eespdpsypatch_big_a,eespdpxypatch_big_b,ebrauvdpsy_big,ebrauvdpxy_big,evlvsy_big,evlvxy_bigwidth=2.4in,height=2.0in
Lamé parameter ratio plotted versus
(a) saturation and (b) for Espeil limestone,
(c) saturation and (d) for Brauvilliers limestone,
and
(e) saturation and (f) for Volvic andesite.
All extensional and shear wave measurements (Cadoret, 1993;
Cadoret et al., 1995; 1998) were made at 1 kHz.
Note that (a) and (b) indicate homogeneous mixing of liquid and gas,
(e) and (f) indicate extremely patchy mixing, while (c) and (d)
show an intermediate state of mixing for the drainage data, but
more homogeneous mixing for the depressurization data.
The plots on the right are saturation-proxy plots, having essentially
the same behavior as the plots on the left but requiring only velocity data.
Next: About this document ...
Up: Berryman et al.: Extracting
Previous: ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Stanford Exploration Project
4/28/2000